Tech-Hunty

This article describes how to integrate Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) to the Windows XP installation folder. You can use the /integrate switch or the Update.exe utility to perform this task. These tools help you run an in-place upgrade to Windows XP SP2 if the original Windows Setup CD is an earlier version of Windows XP.

Note Integrating a service pack is supported only in Windows XP Home Edition and in Windows XP Professional Edition. Integrating a service pack is not supported in Windows Media Center Edition.

Method 1: Use the /integrate switch


Create two new folders on the computer. For example, create the C:\XPCD\i386 and C:\XPSP2 folders.

1. Copy the files and folders in the i386 folder from the original Windows XP CD to C:\XPCD\i386.
2. Download the Windows XP SP2 network installation package to C:\XPSP2. To download the installation package, visit the following Microsoft Web site:
   Code:

   http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=049c9dbe-3b8e-4f30-8245-9e368d3cdb5a&DisplayLang=en

   
   Note : the operating system uses a language other than English, change the language to English before you download. The Change Language option is listed in the middle of the download page.
3. Click Start, click Run, type cmd, and then click OK.
4. At the command prompt, type cd C:\XPSP2, and then press ENTER.
5. Type WindowsXP-KB835935-SP2-ENU.exe /integrate:C:\XPCD, and then press ENTER.
6. The Windows Service Pack 2 Setup Wizard starts and notifies you that Windows XP SP2 files are being integrated into the Windows XP installation folder. Follow the instructions in the Windows Service Pack 2 Setup Wizard.
7. Click OK when you see the dialog box that indicates that the integrated installation has completed successfully.
8. After you complete the integration process, run an in-place upgrade to Windows XP SP2. To do this, click Start, click Run, type C:\XPCD\i386\winnt32, and then click OK.

Method 2: Use the Update.exe utility

1. Follow steps 1 through 5 of Method 1.
2. At the command prompt, type WindowsXP-KB835935-SP2-ENU.exe –x, and then press ENTER.
3. When you are prompted, make sure that C:\XPSP2 is listed as the destination folder for the extracted files, and then click OK to extract the files.
4. At the command prompt, type C:\XPSP2\i386\update\update /s:C:\XPCD. The Windows Service Pack 2 Setup Wizard starts and notifies you that Windows XP SP2 files are being integrated into the Windows XP installation folder.
5. Click OK when you see the dialog box that indicates the integrated installation has completed successfully.
6. After you complete the integration process, run an in-place upgrade to Windows XP SP2. To do this, click Start, click Run, type C:\XPCD\i386\winnt32, and then click OK.

APPLIES TO

• Microsoft Windows XP Professional
• Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP1
• Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition

NOTE:
1. You can also integrate the Windows XP 3 to either your Windows XP
SP 1 or Windows XP SP 2.
2. You can download the service packs from MICROSOFT SITE

Internet emails are designed to carry the IP address of the computer from which the email was sent. This IP address is stored in an email header delivered to the recipient along with the message. Email headers can be thought of like envelopes for postal mail. They contain the electronic equivalent of addressing and postmarks that reflect the routing of mail from source to destination.

Finding IP Addresses in Email Headers

Many people have never seen an email header, because modern email clients often hide the headers from view. However, headers are always delivered along with the message contents. Most email clients provide an option to enable display of these headers if desired.

Internet email headers contain several lines of text. Some lines start with the words Received: from. Following these words is an IP address, such as in the following fictitous example:

Received: from teela.mit.edu (65.54.185.39)
by mail1.aol.com with SMTP; 30 Jun 2003 02:27:02 -0000

These lines of text are automatically inserted by email servers that route the message. If only one "Received: from" line appears in the header, a person can be confident this is the actual IP address of the sender.

Understanding Multiple Received: from Lines

In some situations, however, multiple "Received: from" lines appear in an email header. This happens when the message passes through multiple email servers. Alternatively, some email spammers will insert additional fake "Received: from" lines into the headers themselves in an attempt to confuse recipents.

To identify the correct IP address when multiple "Received: from" lines are involved requires a small bit of detective work. If no faked information was inserted, the correct IP address is contained in the last "Received: from" line of the header. This is a good simple rule to follow when looking at mail from friends or family.

Understanding Faked Email Headers

If faked header information was inserted by a spammer, different rules must be applied to identify a sender's IP address. The correct IP address will be normally not be contained in the last "Received: from" line, because information faked by a sender always appears at the bottom of an email header.

To find the correct address in this case, start from the last "Received: from" line and trace the path taken by the message by traveling up through the header. The "by" (sending) location listed in each "Received" header should match with the "from" (receiving) location listed in the next "Received" header below. Disregard any entries that contain domain names or IP addresses not matching with the rest of the header chain. The last "Received: from" line containing valid information is the one that contains the sender's true address.

Note that many spammers send their emails directly rather than through Internet email servers. In these cases, all "Received: from" header lines except the first one will be faked. The first "Received: from" header line, then, will contain the sender's true IP address in this scenario.

Internet Email Services and IP Addresses

Finally, the popular Internet-based email services differ greatly in their use of IP addresses in email headers. Use these tips to identify IP addresses in such mails.

• Google's Gmail service omits the sender IP address information from all headers. Instead, only the IP address of Gmail's mailserver is shown in Received: from. This means it is impossible to find a sender's true IP address in a received Gmail.
  
  
• Microsoft's Hotmail service provides an extended header line called "X-Originating-IP" that contains the sender's actual IP address.
  
  
• Emails from Yahoo (if untampered) contain the sender's IP address in the last Received: entry.

source:computernetworking.com